A number of case reports of ectopic thyroid have been reported. Individuals with ectopic thyroid often suffer hypothyroidism. Functional abnormalities associated with ectopic thyroid have also been well recognized.

One major clinical concern regarding ectopic thyroid glands is their potential risk for malignant transformation. The prevalence of ectopic thyroid is approximately 1 per 100,000–300,000 people. It is a rare developmental abnormality, resulting from aberrant embryogenesis of the thyroid gland during its passage from the floor of the primitive foregut to its final pre-tracheal position. The expression of calcitonin (CT) and Ki-67 was not increased, and there were no malignant cells in any sample, which could indicate that it is not easy for ectopic thyroids to become malignant between the neck and maxillofacial region.Įctopic thyroid refers to thyroid tissue being in locations other than the normal anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. TTF-1 was highly expressed in ectopic tissue, which may be related to abnormal embryogenesis leading to the thyroid gland being in an abnormal position. Nodular goiter, adenoma and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was observed as orthotopic thyroid without accompanying ectopic parathyroid. The most frequent location was lingual thyroid. ConclusionĮctopic thyroid is a rare disease and females were more prone to the disease. TTF-1 expression was significantly higher in ectopic samples than that in orthotopic samples ( P = 0.007), but CT and Ki-67 levels displayed no difference. The following conditions were also presented: nodular goiter (13 %), adenoma (8.7 %) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (4.3 %), no malignancy and no accompanying ectopic parathyroid. In total, 27 of the patients had lingual thyroid (64 %) seven, sublingual thyroid (17 %) five, dual areas occupied by ectopic thyroid (12 %) and three, other types (7 %). These patients were aged from 6 to 85 years old, and there were 35 females (83.3 %), seven males (16.7 %). There were 42 total ectopic thyroid patients, approximately 1.24 patients per year on average at our hospital. The protein expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), thyroglobulin (TG), calcitonin (CT), Ki-67 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were analyzed from paraffin wax-stored specimens of ectopic thyroid tissue compared with those of orthotopic thyroid tissue. In addition, scintigraphy (Tc-99 m, Iodine-131), CT scan, histology and pathology were performed. The patients’ clinical data were collected. In the present study at the 9th People’s Hospital in Shanghai, China, 42 patients’ ectopic thyroid glands between the neck and maxillofacial region were subjected to a retrospective and transverse study based on data from 1978 to 2012 to explore the natural characteristics of ectopic thyroid.

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